Which are typical features of pleural content for tuberculosis pleurisy?

Pleural TB occurs by direct extension from an adjacent sub-pleural pulmonary focus or through hematogenous seeding. Typical presentation is the abrupt onset of fever, pleuritic chest pain, and cough. Occasionally there is an insidious presentation with fever, weight loss, and malaise.

What are characteristic of pleural effusion?

Clear ultrafiltrate of plasma that originates from the parietal pleura. A pH of 7.60-7.64. Protein content of less than 2% (1-2 g/dL) Fewer than 1000 white blood cells (WBCs) per cubic millimeter.

What is tuberculous pleural effusion?

Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is one of the most common forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. TPE usually presents as an acute illness with fever, cough and pleuritic chest pain. The pleural fluid is an exudate that usually has predominantly lymphocytes.

What is significance of pleural effusion?

Pleural effusion, sometimes referred to as “water on the lungs,” is the build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs. The pleura are thin membranes that line the lungs and the inside of the chest cavity and act to lubricate and facilitate breathing.

How is TB diagnosed with pleural effusion?

The gold standard for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis remains the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pleural fluid, or pleural biopsy specimens, either by microscopy and/or culture, or the histological demonstration of caseating granulomas in the pleura along with acid fast bacilli (AFB).

Can TB cause pleural effusion?

Tuberculous pleural effusion is the second most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (after lymphatic involvement) and is the most common cause of pleural effusion in areas where tuberculosis is endemic [1-5]. Tuberculous pleural effusion is synonymous with the term tuberculous pleurisy.

How does TB determine pleural effusion?

What organs are affected by pleural effusion?

More than 1.5 million people are diagnosed with pleural effusion in the United States each year. Pleural effusion occurs when fluid builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall. This can happen for many different reasons, including pneumonia or complications from heart, liver, or kidney disease.

What are the risk factors for pleural effusion?

Risk Factors

• Pre-existing lung damage or disease.
• Chronic smokers.
• Neoplasia (e.g. lung cancer patients)
• Alcohol abuse.
• Liver cirrhosis.
• Use of certain medications (e.g. dasatinib in the treatment of patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia and immunosuppressive medicine)
• Occupational exposure to asbestos.
• Heart failure.