What does cytokines do in asthma?

Cytokines play an integral role in the coordination and persistence of the inflammatory process in the chronic inflammation of the airways in asthma since they are capable of inducing many of the pro-inflammatory effects characteristic of this disease (table 1).

What cytokines are involved in asthma?

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease associated with type 2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13, which promote airway eosinophilia, mucus overproduction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and immunogloubulin E (IgE) synthesis.

Which Interleukin is involved in asthma?

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) mediates important pro-inflammatory functions in asthma including induction of the IgE isotype switch, expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), promotion of eosinophil transmigration across endothelium, mucus secretion, and differentiation of T helper type 2 lymphocytes leading to …

What does Th2 do in asthma?

Th2 cells produce the cytokines that induce the various key features of asthma such as tissue eosinophilia (IL-5), goblet cell metaplasia (IL-4 and IL-13), and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (IL-13). Some T cells develop into Tfh particularly in the lung-draining lymph nodes.

What cytokines are involved in inflammation?

The key pro-inflammatory cytokines are IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. These cytokines signal via type I cytokine receptors (CCR1) that are structurally divergent from other cytokine receptor types. They are crucial for coordinating cell mediated immune response and play a critical role in modulating the immune system.

What is pathogenesis of asthma?

Pathogenesis of asthma. Antigen presentation by the dendritic cell with the lymphocyte and cytokine response leading to airway inflammation and asthma symptoms. Some of the principal cells identified in airway inflammation include mast cells, eosinophils, epithelial cells, macrophages, and activated T lymphocytes.

Why are eosinophils high in asthma?

Eosinophils are increased as a feature of persistent inflammation, which in turn has been associated with an increased number of asthma attacks and the decline of lung function. However, the relationship between eosinophilic inflammation and airflow obstruction and hyper-responsiveness is not yet well understood.

What are Type 2 cytokines?

Type 2 cytokines are crucial to the pathogenesis of many allergic and fibrotic diseases, they suppress the development of protective type 1 immunity to a wide range of viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens, and they can promote tumorigenesis and tumour cell growth.

Is asthma a Th1 or Th2 response?

The Th2 hypothesis for asthma describes that asthma is caused by a relative increase in Th2 cellular response in combination with a decrease in Th1 (helper T type 1) response.

How are Th1 and Th2 involved in asthma?

Activity of Th1 Cells From its inception, the Th1/Th2 model has postulated that Th1 cells could have a beneficial effect on asthma by dampening the activity of Th2 cells. Indeed, Th1 cells have been shown to inhibit development and proliferation of Th2 cells (Abbas et al., 1996).