What is considered hypermagnesemia?

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Hypermagnesemia is a serum magnesium concentration > 2.6 mg/dL (> 1.05 mmol/L). The major cause is renal failure. Symptoms include hypotension, respiratory depression, and cardiac arrest.

What is the most common cause of hypermagnesemia?

The most common cause of hypermagnesemia is renal failure. Other causes include the following [4, 5] : Excessive intake. Lithium therapy.

What do you give for hypermagnesemia?

Intravenous calcium, diuretics, or water pills may also be used to help the body get rid of excess magnesium. People with renal dysfunction or those who have had a severe magnesium overdose may require dialysis if they are experiencing kidney failure, or if magnesium levels are still rising after treatment.

What are the causes of hypermagnesemia?

Hypermagnesemia occurs primarily in patients with acute or chronic kidney disease. In these individuals, some conditions, including proton pump inhibitors, malnourishment, and alcoholism, can increase the risk of hypermagnesemia. Hypothyroidism and especially cortico-adrenal insufficiency, are other recognized causes.

What are symptoms of high magnesium?

Symptoms of high magnesium include:

Muscle weakness.
Fatigue.
Nausea and vomiting.
Trouble breathing.
Cardiac arrest, the sudden stopping of the heart (in severe cases)

What is the antidote for hypermagnesemia?

Intravenous calcium chloride or gluconate represent the antidotes for hypermagnesemia, and 1-2 ampules should be administered immediately if symptomatic or otherwise serious hypermagnesemia develops.

What is an emergency treatment for hypermagnesemia?

Emergency Department Care Dialysis is best used when levels exceed 8 mEq/L, when life-threatening symptoms are present, or in patients with poor renal function.

What causes too much magnesium in the blood?

Renal (kidney) failure is the most common cause of magnesium excess. Your kidneys are not able to process and excrete magnesium and other electrolytes. You may be taking in too much magnesium in your diet, usually in the form of laxatives (such as milk of magnesia), or antacids.

Can hypermagnesemia cause hyperkalemia?

Iatrogenic hypermagnesemia is an underrecognized cause of hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia. Our report illustrates the effects of magnesium therapy on serum calcium and potassium, necessitating close electrolytes monitoring when used.

What is the antidote for magnesium toxicity?

Calcium gluconate: the antidote for magnesium toxicity is calcium gluconate 1 g IV over 3 minutes. Repeat doses may be necessary. Calcium chloride can also be used in lieu of calcium gluconate. The suggested dose for calcium chloride for magnesium toxicity is 500 mg of 10% calcium chloride IV given over 5-10 minutes.